Managing Wastewater in Coastal Urban Areas (1993) / Chapter Skim
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3 INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT
3 INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT
Pages 74-87
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From page 74... ...
The Committee therefore proposes here a framework toward which it believes coastal environmental quality management should evolve. DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABLE VISION Most indicators suggest that, throughout the country, human impact upon urban coastal areas continues at a level of severity which threatens the biological integrity of many marine systems and seriously impairs their capacity to produce a full range of goods and services valued by people.
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From page 75... ...
It concluded that the "EPA should target its environmental protection efforts on the basis of opportunities for the greatest reduction of risk" and the "EPA should attach as much importance to reducing ecological risk as it does to reducing human health risk" (EPA 19903. In a substantial sense the methodology for integrated coastal management set forth in this report is a further step in the general direction proposed in the EPA report.
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From page 76... ...
An integrated approach to coastal management is an increasingly important component of the international agenda for wise environmental management. At the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992, integrated coastal management was a significant element of the policy document dealing with the problems of the marine environment which was agreed to by governments.
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From page 77... ...
The following discussion of integrated coastal management sets forth a set of interlocking management principles and a related process. The fundamental objective of this system is to allow for improved identification of important priorities and better allocation of resources to the identified problems.
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From page 78... ...
Comparative assessment of both risk scenarios and available management options should drive the selection of management strategies. This approach will ensure that a rational basis is used for focusing action, and human and financial resources on the most important problems.
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From page 79... ...
Comparative assessment of both risk scenarios, and available management options drive the selection of management strategies. · A transdisciplinary perspective is critical to coastal problem solving.
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From page 80... ...
Define Geographic Extent of Concerns It is important to address environmental problems at the scale on which they occur. Thus, integrated coastal management must be based on adoption of a relevant environmental domain with appropriate aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric components.
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From page 81... ...
However, it is possible to delineate the most important environmental processes and to identify the most immediate or significant sources of degradation at a scale that is consistent with appropriate management actions. An overall goal in adopting relevant environmental domains is to minimize the number of significant causes and effects taking place outside the domain and maximize the effectiveness of management measures that can be taken within the domain.
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From page 82... ...
Thus, fisheries declines could be due to overfishing, pollution, or failed reproduction due to In the foregoing case of fisheries loss, it would be ideal to define the most likely cause of the loss and then design management options addressing that specific problem. Thus, risk management strategies must be devised to address the most important elements in the complex structure of problems in an integrated fashion one that assesses important sources of risk and achievable management alternatives.
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From page 83... ...
This process whereby values, ecological processes, comparative risks, and strategies are developed and assessed must be considered as a dynamic and continuing planning process. Such a process is needed to capture interactions where one action may lead to another, to recognize new problems, to respond to new knowledge, and to recognize and correct mistakes.
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From page 84... ...
Finally, if public expectations and values are ignored it may be difficult to implement recommended alternatives. Monitoring Integrated coastal management must include a comprehensive monitoring effort that focuses on factors of significant ecological, human health, and resource use importance, or the processes that are crucial to them, and the control measures that have been put in place.
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From page 85... ...
Accordingly, it need not be used for those problems that, upon initial examination, present a relatively simple solution. While integrated coastal management may be useful most often in complex ecological systems that extend far beyond the limits of an urban area, it is also a useful analytical and management methodology when decisionmakers are faced with problems having a predominantly urban theme.
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From page 86... ...
These choices allow, and may even force, the political process to allocate resources to the most important problems. In essence, the process allows the political decisionmaker to strike a balance between the expectations of various publics with respect to the facts as presented by technical professionals and to reach a conclusion about implementing achievable management options.
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From page 87... ...
1988. Coastal state capacity for marine resources management.
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